The Resting Membrane Potential

I think I finally have some understanding of the concept of resting membrane potential . I understand that the electrical charge across a membrane is called a porential difference.  In the resting cell the potential difference is called the resting membrane potential .The resting membrane potential of neurons is approxiamately -70mV .The potential difference is a negative number because the inside of the plasma membrane is negative  compared with the outside .The greater the charge difference across the plasma membrane the greater the potential difference . It results from the pearmebility characteristcs of the resting membrane and the difference in the concentration of ions betweenthe intracellular and extracullar fluids .The resting membrane potential is established when the movement of pottassium out of the cell is equal to the movement in the cell . I Googled "resting membrane potential ", and it had different tutorials that helped me gain an better understanding of this concept  .Example a resting membrane  potential of -85mV has an greatercharge than a resting membrane of -70 mV.

Learning the Skeletal System

Today in lab while studying the bones ,having learned the  directional terms in class previously is really helped to learn the anantomy of the bones . For example while learning about the pelvic girdle today in lab,I realized how the ilium connects to the the sacrum , and the iliac creast is in the superior margin . While learning about the cranium knowing about the different planes helped me to understand the frontal bone , the anterior frontal bone the sagittal suture , coronal suture ,etc. When studying the cervical veterbrae knowing the difference in anterior, superior ,and tranverse as it related to anterior and posterior tubercle , and tranverse foramina it really helped . I see how every vsubject matter interrelates to the next subject matter .

BIO-207 Ethics Paper Review

This article regarding the ethical dilemmas of nursing points out that nurses are increasingly realizing that they offer relevant information in decision making, involving ethical issues. Inter-professional communication [which usually includes the doctors and nurses], are frequently inadequate, and do not a permit exchange of opinions .This causes frustrations for nurses whose care is affected by other’s policies. As stated earlier nurses realized that they can offer relevant information and participate in decision making involving ethical issues .Working in the medical field for a number of years, I know firsthand, the desire of registered nurses and licensed nurses alike to become more responsible and contributory to the welfare of the patients they take care of .Due to the subordinate roles nurses have held  the conscience of the entire multidisciplinary team needs to be awaked to see the value of the nurse’s role in the patient’s care .One of the number one goals should be to promote interdisplinary harmony and support . This will show up in your overall patient care and isn’t this what this is all about patient care? As the article stated “Recent developments in nursing practice reflect increased knowledge of effective care, changing needs of patients and an attempt by the profession to become complementary to the doctor not poor substitutes or ancillaries. “While doctors may try to exploit their influences, their science and expertise concern the prevention and prevention of disease.  Nurses on the other hand are attempting to care for people by understanding their personal strengths. One of the most important resources a nurse has to give patients is relevant information about their condition, their treatment and ways of coping with both .Nurse are put in difficult situations when their beliefs or those of the patient himself are at variance with those of the others in the medical and nursing team. This is where nurses need to get more comfortable in expressing their views. The primary goal should be is to honest to the patient and represent his view above others, the advocacy role needs to studied carefully, but to effective it has to accepted by the doctor .As I’ve personally witnessed in my own career, doctors may support one or two nurses whom they know and respect performing the advocacy role, but the idea of nursing in general acting as a go between or a confidant discussing medical treatments may seem unacceptable. Perhaps professional respect between doctors and nurses must grow in order to permit frank discussions and questions when either disagrees with their treatment plans, or when the nurse feels she should relay the patient’s doubts or dissatisfactions to the doctor. Controversies today over whether a  nurse should question or disagree with doctors is just as prevalent as in the past structure of medicine and nursing. As the article states “Unilateral decision decisions on medical treatment [or lack of it] were justified in the past through a belief in benign paternalism: doctors knew more about medicine than others, they took legal responsibility for their actions and most members of society were very grateful that this was so. In general this can now be seen only to seen to be justified when responsible others can be informed or participate in such decisions. Throughout this article it continues to emphasize that nurses are adopting more responsibilities for identifying or planning to resolve or reducing illness and related problems. This require freedom

The Nervous System

Studying the nervous system . I understand the functions of the nervous system . I understand that the sensory imput sends information to the CNS then it's integrated , then the imformation leaves and goes to the motor output , and commands a response .I've learned that the CNS consists of the  brain and spinal cord ,and the PNS is  outside the central  nervous system . There are two sets of nerves in the PNS ; the sensory division which is afferent ,meaning going towards the center , and the motor which is eferrent which means moving away out the muscles . I 've also learned that the PNS has two parts ; the somatic which is found in the skeletal is voluntary , and the autonomic  found in cardic muscle , smooth muscle , and the glands is in voluntary . What I'm having problems undestanding is the concept of measuring resting membrane potential . I realize that potential energy is stored energy , and that electrons are charged particles, that flows throughs  our cells to induce movement , but then it's kinda fuzzy the whole concept of the resting membrane potential . I plan to read my text ,and Google some  of the concepts in Chapter 11, to get a bettter understanding .

The number of functions of protective functions of the skin

I've aquired alot knowledge after reading , and reviewing Chapter 5 . I had no idea of all the different proctective functions of the skin .I've learned that the dermis of the skin provides structual strength , and prevents tearing of the skin . I've learned that the stratified epithelium of epidermis  protects against abrasions , as the outer cells of the stratum corneum sloughs off, and are replaced by stratum basale . I't's been reinforced that skin prevents microorganisms from entering the body , as well as keeping microorgananisms , and other foriegn objects out . I really didn't realize the function of  the eyebrows and eye lashes [ to keep sweat out your eyes , and to protect eyes from other foreign objects ] . Like I said it's interesting to learn how all these funtions relate to the funtions of the hair , glands , and nails . the melanin of the skin absorbs ultravilent light protecting underlying structures from it's damaging effects . The nails even have a job , to protect the ends of fingers /toes from damage . Intact skin is important in reducing water loss because lipids acts as barriers to the diffusin of water .

Tissue Repair

Dr.Platt ,  Excited to to share with you the four steps of tissue repair : 1] The fresh wound cuts through the epidermis and dermis , and forms a clot .2] One week after the injury , a scab is present , new epidermis is growing on the wound . 3] Two weeks after the injury , the epithelium has grown completely into the wound , and fibroblasts has formed granulation tissue .4] One month after the injury the wound has completely closed , the scab has sloughed .granulation tissue is repalced by new connective tissue . Back to studying.

What I'm learning about the tissues

Dr. Platt , just alittle note to inform you of how much I've learned about the epithelial tissue by reading chap 4, and discussing it among my group members on yesterday[and of course with the help of your expertise on the subject ]. I got it down packed the , the characteristics of the epithelial tissue , the five major functions . Presently I'm working on learning the functional characteristics of these tissues. Well let my lunch break is almost over . Talk to you later .                                       
                                                                         Cynthia Witcher

Greetings Group 4 !

Hey Grp 4 , This is Cynthia I'll be working on the assignments this weekends ,and cotacting you with questions . Have a good one . Will be talking to you soon .
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                          Cynthia

Welcome

Welcome to my blog Dr.Platt.